Such discoveries, along with doubts about the availability of the interior ice-free corridor until approximately 13 ka, have pushed a coastal migration theory to the forefront of the debate about how and when the Americas were first colonized. In California, Palaeocoastal peoples used seaworthy boats to settle the Northern Channel Islands as early as 13 ka, roughly contemporary with Clovis (see Waters and Stafford, 2007). In the Pacific Northwest, California, and Baja California, archaeologists have now identified evidence for the maritime settlement of islands by at least 11.5 ka. Despite the challenges posed by postglacial sea level rise, coastal erosion, glaciation, and tectonics, recent archaeological research along the Pacific Coast has identified important sites that shed considerable light on the antiquity and nature of early human settlement along the western edge of North America. Geological and archaeological data suggest that the distribution and abundance of early archaeological sites along various segments of North America’s Pacific Coast are strongly influenced by the unique geological history of each region. Here, the early occupation of an island, one with very few terrestrial resources, also suggests an initial occupation of the peninsula by people familiar with the exploitation of marine resources. Similar to Isla Cedros, Espiritu Santo was probably connected to the mainland during the LGM, but had become an island by the time these coastal peoples settled there. Shells recovered below the 10,000 year old level produced dates in excess of 30 ka, but these anomalously old dates may indicate the use of fossil shell by the terminal Pleistocene occupants of the shelter. deposit with cultural materials dating to at least 10,000 RYBP. Pacific Northwest Forest Experiment Station (Portland, Or.) (creator).Mount Rainier National Park (Wash.)-Maps.Physical geography-Northwest, Pacific-Maps.National parks and reserves-Washington (State).Forests and forestry-Washington (State)-Maps.Electric power distribution-Washington (State).The maps include government publications on projects' status, local newspaper documents, and maps depicting power plant location and the distribution and transmission of electricity. These provide information on dams, reservoirs, irrigation projects, and power transmission. Of special note are maps of hydroelectric projects in the Columbia River Basin. These include several maps of Mount Rainier and other Cascade peaks, many of which depict the extent of mountain glaciers.
Maps of national forests and national parks, primarily in Washington, are included in the collection. Regional maps as well as detailed, local maps are available. Hand-drawn manuscript maps created by early explorers and surveyors as well as maps created from satellite imagery are part of the collection. The collection includes maps created over a 150-year period from the mid-19th century through the 1990s, with the bulk of the maps documenting the early 20th century. government agencies, State of Washington departments, and private organizations. Regional maps depict Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and, in some cases, California and Wyoming.
Most of the maps in the collection are of all or part of the State of Washington. The Maps of Washington (State) and the Pacific Northwest consist of historic and superseded maps depicting forest resources, geology, public lands and land use, hydroelectric projects, highways, and railroads in Washington and the Pacific Northwest region.
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